A peace agreement between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was signed in Washington on 27 June 2025.
With diplomatic support from allies in the region, the United States and Qatar helped to broker the deal.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio hosted the event at the State Department in Washington, DC.
Furthermore, the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group did not sign the accord but remains central to the continued peaceful dialogue in Doha.
In addition, within 90 days, both countries agreed to implement a disengagement plan for 2024.
The agreement includes a framework for regional economic integration as well as a framework for cooperative security.
CONDITIONAL TERMS
According to the agreement, Rwanda has ninety days to withdraw its troops from the east of the DRC.
As a result, DRC will mandate an operational strategy for the neutralisation of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), provided Rwanda removes its defensive measures.
The deal makes it easier for the Congolese government and M23 representatives to negotiate in Qatar.
Within 30 days, a cooperative security oversight body will proceed to guarantee compliance.
Enhancing regional trade in vital minerals like cobalt and lithium is another goal of the agreement.
The United States will have access to mineral rights in the DRC, according to President Donald Trump.
REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES
Rwanda’s foreign minister, Olivier Nduhungirehe, described the deal as “a turning point” for the area.
The DRC’s foreign minister, Therese Kayikwamba Wagner, stressed the importance of justice and sovereignty.
The agreement could allow for billions of dollars in Western investment in the region, according to U.S. officials.
Over seven million people are displaced in the east of the DRC, and the agreement included a commitment to protect and advance humanitarian access for those affected.
DEAL CONCERNS
Within a few weeks, heads of state will be concluding a comprehensive economic protocol in Washington.
Before the endorsement of the economic framework commences, progress in the Doha negotiations is considered a crucial priority.
The peace deal includes procedures for verifying the disarmament of militias and the withdrawal of the army from the region.
Trump’s Africa advisor, Massad Boulos, affirmed the United States’ involvement in facilitating the minerals deal.
Regional analysts and experts, including Michelle Gavin of the Council on Foreign Relations, expressed concern that the deal does not adequately address M23’s territorial gains.
DO YOU THINK THIS DEAL WILL INCREASE REGIONAL TRADE IN AFRICA?
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